Day of Atonement
Define
- See Ransom
- Atonement is considered by many to be a made up word by Tyndale - at one ment.
- The Hebrew word is kaphar {כפר} meaning "to cover," "to purge." -
- Its noun form is kippurim (כִּפֻּרִים), specifically refers to the Day of Atonement.
Related words
Additional Info
The Day of Atonement, also called Yom Kippur, occurs on Friday, Tishrei 10/Ten each year.
One day the high priest could enter into the Holy of Holy Most Set Apart Place, when YHWH would make Atonement nationally, for the sins of Israel. (Leviticus 16)
Jewsis Rabbis believe Moses came down with the second set of tablets Tables of Stone on this day. Brokenness leads to wholeness.
And this shall be a statute forever for you, that atonement may be made for the people of Israel once in the year because of all their sins.” Lev-16 If an individual sins unintentionally, citizen of Israel or foreigner living among them, The priest will make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven Numbers 15:27-31 (Num-15#v27).
You shall not do any work. It is a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwelling places. It shall be to you a Sabbath of solemn rest, and you shall afflict yourselves. Lev-23
What to/not to do
- make Atonement
- Sin Offering
- afflict souls = te’annu et-nafshoteikhem (תְּעַנּוּ אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם)
- The verbe is te’annu (תְּעַנּוּ), derived from the root עָנָה (‘anah).
- to torture, to torment
- carries the sense of humble, quiet reflection and introspection
- The root עָנָה (‘anah) commonly understood to mean "to afflict," "to humble," or "to deny oneself."
- Isaiah 58:3, 5, the context of fasting uses עָנָה to describe humbling or afflicting oneself during a fast.
- In Psalm 35:13, "I humbled my soul with fasting" uses a form of עָנָה, reinforcing the link to self-denial or fasting.
- Scripture technically does not command us to fast on Yom Kippur. The emphasis should be on the spiritual dynamic of humbling ourselves. Isa-57 Isa-58 Matt-06
- The noun נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם (nafshoteikhem) means "your souls" or "yourselves," so the focus is on the verb עָנָה.
- nefesh - refers to the whole self, including physical and emotional aspects
- soul, self, life, creature, person
- Those who do not must be cut off
- The verbe is te’annu (תְּעַנּוּ), derived from the root עָנָה (‘anah).
- do not work
- Those who do will be destroyed from among the people
- solemn rest
- holy (set apart) convocation
- offer an offering made by fire, Burnt Offering w/ Grain Offering and Drink Offering
- Grain offerings were ate by the priests
- on 50th year - Jubilee year
- sound the trumpet
- do not sow or reap or gather
Scriptures
- Exodus 30:10: "Aaron shall make Atonement on its horns once in the year; with the blood of the sin offering of atonement once in the year he shall make atonement for it throughout your generations. It is most holy to Yahweh."
- Leviticus 16:29-34 Lev-16: 29 “It is to be a statute to you forever, that in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you are to afflict your souls, and do no kind of work—both the native-born and the outsider dwelling among you. 30 For on this day atonement will be made for you, to cleanse you. From all your sins you will be clean before Adonai. 31 It is a Shabbat of solemn rest to you, and you are to afflict your souls. It is a statute forever. 32 The kohen who is anointed and who is consecrated to be kohen in his father’s place will make the atonement, and put on the linen garments, the holy garments. 33 He is to make atonement for the Holy Sanctuary, for the Tent of Meeting, for the altar, for the kohanim, and for all the people of the assembly. 34 “This will be an everlasting statute for you, to make atonement for Bnei-Yisrael once in the year because of all their sins.” It was done as Adonai commanded Moses.
- Leviticus 23:26-32: 26 Adonai spoke to Moses, saying: 27 “However, the tenth day of this seventh month is Yom Kippur, a holy convocation to you, so you are to afflict yourselves. You are to bring an offering made by fire to Adonai. 28 You are not to do any kind of work on that set day, for it is Yom Kippur, to make atonement for you before Adonai your God. 29 For anyone who does not deny himself on that day must be cut off from his people. 30 Anyone who does any kind of work on that day, that person I will destroy from among his people. 31 You should do no kind of work. It is a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwellings. 32 It is to be a Shabbat of solemn rest for you, and you are to humble your souls. On the ninth day of the month in the evening—from evening until evening—you are to keep your Shabbat.”
- Leviticus 25:8-12: 8 “You are to count off seven Shabbatot of years—seven times seven years, so that the time is seven Shabbatot of years—49 years. 9 Then on the tenth day of the seventh month, on Yom Kippur, you are to sound a shofar blast—you are to sound the shofar all throughout your land. 10 You are to make the fiftieth year holy, and proclaim liberty throughout the land to all its inhabitants. It is to be a Jubilee to you, when each of you is to return to his own property and each of you is to return to his family. 11 That fiftieth year will be your Jubilee. You are not to sow, or reap that which grows by itself, or gather from the untended vines. 12 Since it is a Jubilee, it is to be holy to you. You will eat from its increase out of the field.
- Numbers 29:7: 7 “On the tenth day of this seventh month, you are to have a sacred assembly. You are to deny yourselves and do no work. 8 You are to present to Adonai a burnt offering as a pleasing aroma, one young bull from the herd, one ram, and seven year-old male lambs without defect, 9 along with their grain offerings of fine flour mixed with oil: three tenths of an ephah with the bull, two tenths with the ram, 10 and one tenth with each of the seven lambs. 11 Also offer one male goat for a sin offering, in addition to the sin offering for atonement, as well as the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and their drink offerings.
Connections
Acts 27 Acts-27#v9
When much time had passed and the voyage was now dangerous, because the Fast had now already gone by, Paul admonished them
- The Greek phrase is τὴν νηστείαν (tēn nēsteian), which literally means “the Fast” but is widely understood to refer to Yom Kippur, the Jewish Day of Atonement, observed in autumn (typically September/October), marking the end of the safe sailing season in the Mediterranean.
Romans 5 Rom-05
11 And every priest stands daily at his service, offering repeatedly the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins. 12 But when Christ[b] had offered for all time a single sacrifice for sins, he sat down at the right hand of God, 13 waiting from that time until his enemies should be made a footstool for his feet. 14 For by a single offering he has perfected for all time those who are being sanctified.
2 Corinthians 5 2 Cor-05
21 For him who knew no sin he made to be sin on our behalf; so that in him we might become the righteousness of God.
Hebrews 7 Heb-07:23Heb-07#v24Heb-07#v25Heb-07#v26-27
23 The former priests were many in number, because they were prevented by death from continuing in office, but he holds his priesthood permanently, because he continues forever. 25 Consequently, he is able to save to the uttermost[b] those who draw near to God through him, since he always lives to make intercession for them. 26 For it was indeed fitting that we should have such a high priest, holy, innocent, unstained, separated from sinners, and exalted above the heavens. 27 He has no need, like those high priests, to offer sacrifices daily, first for his own sins and then for those of the people, since he did this once for all when he offered up himself.
Hebrews 9 Heb-09:5 Heb-09:26
5 Nor was it to offer himself repeatedly, as the high priest enters the holy places every year with blood not his own, 26 for then he would have had to suffer repeatedly since the foundation of the world. But as it is, he has appeared once for all at the end of the ages to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself.
Revelation 1 Rev-01
27 And just as it is appointed for man to die once, and after that comes judgment, 28 so Christ, having been offered once to bear the sins of many, will appear a second time, not to deal with sin but to save those who are eagerly waiting for him. Heb 9
For there is no distinction: 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, 24 and are justified by his grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, 25 whom God put forward as a propitiation by his blood, to be received by faith.