Define

• In the Hebrew Bible, the primary word for "sacrifice" is קָרְבָּן (pronounced korban). It comes from the root קרב (karav), meaning "to draw near" or "to approach." The term korban reflects the idea of bringing an offering to draw closer to God, emphasizing the relational aspect of the act rather than just the act of killing or giving up something.
• Korban is used for various types of offerings in the Torah, including animal sacrifices, grain offerings, and other gifts brought to the sanctuary (e.g., Leviticus 1–7). It encompasses burnt offerings (olah ), sin offerings (chatat), peace offerings (shelamim), and more.
• In Hebrew thought, a korban is about approaching God or restoring harmony (shalom) with Him, often through a physical gift that symbolizes devotion, atonement, or gratitude. It’s less about "sacrifice" in the sense of loss and more about an act of connection.
• While korban is the most general term for sacrifice/offering, other Hebrew words are used for specific types or aspects of sacrificial acts. In the Hebrew Bible, several Hebrew words are translated as "sacrifice" in English, each with distinct nuances and contexts.
  • Korban (קָרְבָּן) Meaning: Derived from the root karav ("to draw near"), it denotes an offering brought near to God, encompassing both animal and non-animal offerings (e.g., grain). It’s a general term for any sacrificial gift.
    Context: Used broadly in Leviticus and Numbers for various offerings, such as burnt offerings , sin offerings, or grain offerings (e.g., Leviticus 1:2).
    Example: Numbers 7 :13 – “His offering (korban) was one silver plate.”
    Acts 24 :17
• In Greek, dōron means "gift," "offering," or "present."

Jesus as an Offering

• Hebrews 10:26 For if we sin willfully after we have received the knowledge of the truth, there remains no more a sacrifice for sins, 27 but a certain fearful expectation of judgment, and a fierceness of fire which will devour the adversaries. 28 A man who disregards Moses’ law dies without compassion on the word of two or three witnesses. 29 How much worse punishment do you think he will be judged worthy of who has trodden under foot the Son of God, and has counted the blood of the covenant with which he was sanctified an unholy thing, and has insulted the Spirit of grace? 30 For we know him who said, “Vengeance belongs to me. I will repay,” says the Lord. Again, “The Lord will judge his people.” 31 It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.

• John 14:15: "If you love me, you will keep my commandments (mitzvah)."

• John 14:21: "Whoever has my commandments (mitzvah) and keeps them, he it is who loves me. And he who loves me will be loved by my Father, and I will love him and manifest myself to him."

• John 15:10: "If you keep my commandments (mitzvah), you will abide in my love, just as I have kept my Father’s commandments (mitzvah) and abide in his love."

• 1 John 5:2-3: "By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God and obey his commandments (entolē). For this is the love of God, that we keep his commandments (mitzvah). And his commandments (entolē) are not burdensome."

Offerings

Scroll down for brief overview of each. Follow the link for an indepth look.

• Burnt Offering - Olah
• Grain Offering - Minchah (מִנְחָה)
• Peace / Fellowship Offering Shelem (שֶׁלֶם)
• Sin Offering - Chatat (חַטָּאת)
• Trespass / Guilt Offering - Asham (אָשָׁם)
• Wave Offering - Tenufah
• Heave Offering - Terumah (תְּרוּמָה)

• First Fruits Offering - Bikkurim
• Drink Offering - Nesek (נֶסֶךְ)
• Passover Offering - Korban Pesach
• Day of Atonement - Sin offering made for national sins.
• Sins Requiring Death - No Offering

Related words

• Commandments

Classes of Offerings

Zevah

• is a lower class of offering because it could be shared with the offerer
• the worshipper OUTSIDE of the Tabernacle, the priests INSIDE the Tabernacle
• Peace Offering or Fellowship Offering (Zevah Shelamim) and the Thanksgiving offering (Zevah Todah)
• Zevach (זֶבַח) Meaning: Refers to a sacrificial offering, often involving the slaughter of an animal, typically for a communal or celebratory meal (e.g., peace offerings ). It emphasizes the act of offering something to God, often with a sense of fellowship.
  Context: Used for offerings like the peace offering (leviticus 3) or general sacrifices (e.g., Exodus 20:24 :24). Example: Psalm 4 :5 – “Offer the sacrifices of righteousness (zivchei tzedek).”

‘Olah

• only the priests were permitted to use or benefit from any part of the sacrificial offering. the priests could keep the animal skin

Minchah

• only the priests were permitted to use or benefit from any part of the sacrificial offering.
• the priests could keep the bulk of the grain offering as their own personal food
• they were required to eat that food within the courtyard of the Tabernacle, for it was considered a sacred meal.

Kodesh Kodashim class……the MOST holy
Kodesh Kallim class….or, the offerings of lesser sanctity

Additional Info

• Examples:
  • Leviticus 1 :2 (JPS Tanakh): “When any of you presents an offering [korban] to the Lord, you shall bring your offering of the cattle.” Offerings, detailed in Leviticus 1–7, reflect a system of worship centered on atonement, gratitude, and communion with God, each with distinct rituals and theological significance.
  • Numbers 7 :13: Describes various korbanot (plural) brought by tribal leaders for the dedication of the altar.
  • In Leviticus 10 they brought an offering in worship that was not what God commanded - or was not in a way in which God had commanded - and were consumed by fire.
  • Hebrews 10 :

{ #If}
we deliberately keep on sinning after we have received the knowledge of the truth, no sacrifice for sins is left,

{ #but}
only a fearful expectation of judgment and of raging fire that will consume the enemies of God.

{ #Anyone}
who rejected the law of Moses died without mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses.

{ #How}
much more severely do you think someone deserves to be punished who has trampled the Son of God underfoot, who has treated as an unholy thing the blood of the covenant that sanctified them, and who as insulted the Spirit of grace?

{ #For}
we know him who said, “It is mine to avenge; I will repay,”[d] and again, “The Lord will judge his people.”[e]

{ #It}
is a dreadful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.
- Matthew 5 :23–24: “So if you are offering your gift [dōron] at the altar and there remember that your brother has something against you, leave your gift [dōron] there before the altar and go. First be reconciled to your brother, and then come and offer your gift [dōron].”
- Romans 12 :1 Therefore, I urge you, brothers and sisters, in view of God’s mercy, to offer your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to God—this is your true and proper worship

• Future Offerings
  • Offerings being restored at some point in the future Ezekiel 44 - Ezekiel 45 . Specifically mentions burnt offerings, fellowship offerings, gain offerings, freewill offerings. In Verses 19-20 guilt and sin offerings as well. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel 44-45&version=TLV (https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel 44-45&version=TLV)

Offerings

Burnt Offering - Olah

• Offering Type: Sacrifice (wholly burnt) - It's a type of offering, which indicates the entire animal is burnt vs an offering where parts of the animal are not burnt.
• Offered by: Individual, priest, or community leader
• Offering for: Atonement for general sin, voluntary worship, or dedication to God
• Offered where: Altar of burnt offering in the Tabernacle courtyard
• Scripture References:
  • Leviticus 1:3-4 (WEB): "If his offering is a burnt offering from the herd, he shall offer a male without defect. He shall offer it at the door of the Tent of Meeting, that he may be accepted before Yahweh. He shall lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, and it shall be accepted for him to make atonement for him."
  • Numbers 28:3 (WEB): "You shall tell them, ‘This is the offering made by fire which you shall offer to Yahweh: male lambs a year old without defect, two day by day, for a continual burnt offering.’"
• Details: The Olah is a voluntary offering where the entire animal (bull, sheep, goat, or bird) is consumed by fire, symbolizing complete surrender to God. It is offered daily (Numbers 28:3) and on special occasions (Numbers 28–29).

• Meaning: Literally "that which goes up," referring to a burnt offering wholly consumed by fire, symbolizing complete dedication to God. Derived from the root meaning "to ascend," referring to the smoke rising to God or the offering being wholly consumed.
• Context: Common in worship and atonement rituals (e.g., .Lev-01:3Lev-01#v4Lev-01#v5Lev-01#v6Lev-01#v7Lev-01#v8Lev-01#v9Lev-01#v10Lev-01#v11Lev-01#v12Lev-01#v13Lev-01#v14Lev-01#v15Lev-01#v16-17
• Key Points:
  • Entire animal (typically cattle, sheep, goats, or birds) burned on the altar.
  • Voluntary offering to atone for general sin or express devotion.
  • Symbolizes complete surrender to God.
  • Performed by priests, with specific rituals for laypeople, priests, or leaders.
• Example: Gen-22:2 – Abraham is told to offer Isaac as an olah.
• Num-06:13 and Acts-21:26 - Paul provided offering

Grain Offering - Minchah (מִנְחָה)

• Offering Type: Non-blood offering (grain-based)
• Offered by: Individual or priest
• Offering for: Thanksgiving, dedication, or acknowledgment of God’s provision
• Offered where: Altar in the Tabernacle
• Scripture References:
  • Leviticus 2:1-2 (WEB): "When anyone offers an offering of a meal offering to Yahweh, his offering shall be of fine flour. He shall pour oil on it, and put frankincense on it. He shall bring it to Aaron’s sons, the priests. He shall take from there his handful of its fine flour, and of its oil, with all its frankincense, and the priest shall burn it as its memorial portion on the altar, an offering made by fire, of a pleasant aroma to Yahweh."
  • Leviticus 6:14-15 (WEB): "This is the law of the meal offering: the sons of Aaron shall offer it before Yahweh, before the altar. He shall take from there his handful of the fine flour of the meal offering, and of its oil, and all the frankincense which is on the meal offering, and shall burn it on the altar for a pleasant aroma, as its memorial portion, to Yahweh."
• Details: The Minchah consists of fine flour, oil, and frankincense, often baked or cooked. A portion is burned, and the rest is for the priests. It is a voluntary offering expressing gratitude.

• Meaning: Originally a gift or tribute, it often refers to a grain or cereal offering, though sometimes used for offerings in general. It can also imply a non-blood sacrifice.
• Context: Frequently paired with other offerings (e.g., Leviticus 2:1–16).
• Key Points:
  • Made of fine flour, oil, and frankincense; could be baked, cooked, or raw.
  • Voluntary offering to honor God or express gratitude.
  • Portion burned on the altar; remainder eaten by priests.
  • No leaven or honey allowed; salt required as a symbol of covenant.
• Example: Leviticus 2:1 – “When anyone offers a grain offering (minchah) to the Lord.”
  

Peace / Fellowship Offering Shelem (שֶׁלֶם)

• Offering Type: Sacrifice (partially burnt, partially eaten)
• Offered by: Individual or community
• Offering for: Thanksgiving, vow fulfillment, or freewill offering
• Offered where: Altar in the Tabernacle courtyard
• Scripture References:
  • Leviticus 3:1 (WEB): "If his offering is a sacrifice of peace offerings, if he offers it from the herd, whether male or female, he shall offer it without defect before Yahweh."
  • Leviticus 7:11-12 (WEB): "This is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which one shall offer to Yahweh: If he offers it for a thanksgiving, then he shall offer with the sacrifice of thanksgiving unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and cakes mixed with oil."
• Details: The Shelamim includes animals (cattle, sheep, or goats) and is shared among the offeror, priests, and God. It expresses communion or gratitude.

• Meaning: From the root for "peace" or "wholeness," indicating reconciliation or fellowship. Related to the peace or fellowship offering, emphasizing reconciliation or thanksgiving. Often translated as "peace offering."

• Context: Associated with communal meals and gratitude (e.g., Lev-03:1Lev-03#v2Lev-03#v3Lev-03#v4Lev-03#v5Lev-03#v6Lev-03#v7Lev-03#v8Lev-03#v9Lev-03#v10Lev-03#v11Lev-03#v12Lev-03#v13Lev-03#v14Lev-03#v15Lev-03#v16-17).

• Key Points:

  • Animal sacrifice (cattle, sheep, or goats) with portions shared among offerer, priests, and God.
  • Voluntary offering for thanksgiving, vows, or freewill gifts.
  • Includes communal meal, emphasizing fellowship with God and others.
  • Three subtypes: thanksgiving, votive, and freewill offerings.

• Example: Lev-07:11 – “This is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings (shelem).”
  

Sin Offering - Chatat (חַטָּאת)

• Offering Type: Sacrifice (expiatory)
• Offered by: Individual, priest, or community
• Offering for: Atonement for Unintentional sins against the commandments of God which are not to be done. Primarily those that defile the sinner or the sanctuary requiring purification. emphasis on purification from defilement. NOTE: NOT TO DO - UNINTENTIONAL SINS
• Offered where: Altar in the Tabernacle courtyard or outside the camp (for certain cases)
• Scripture References:
  • Leviticus 4:2-3 (WEB): "Speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘If anyone sins unintentionally, in any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and does any one of them, if the anointed priest sins so as to bring guilt on the people, then let him offer for his sin which he has sinned a young bull without defect to Yahweh for a sin offering.’"
  • Leviticus 4:27-28 (WEB): "If anyone of the common people sins unintentionally, in doing any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and is guilty, when his sin which he has sinned is known, then he shall bring for his offering a goat, a female without defect, for his sin which he has sinned."
• Details: The Chattat atones for unintentional sins, varying by the offeror’s status (e.g., bull for priests, goat for individuals). Blood is applied to the altar, and parts may be burned outside the camp.

• Meaning: From the root for sin or purification offering, used to atone (Ransom) for unintentional sins or ritual impurities. It's about being cleansed, Clean vs Unclean.
• Context: Specific to atonement rituals (e.g., Leviticus 4:1-35 (Lev-04#v1)
• Key Points:
  • Required for unintentional sins or ritual impurities by individuals, priests, or the community.
  • Animal type (bull, goat, lamb, or birds) varies by status of the offeror.
  • Blood sprinkled or smeared; some portions burned, others eaten or disposed of (Day of Atonement).
  • Focuses on cleansing from sin and restoring relationship with God.
  • Example: Leviticus 4:3 – “He shall bring a young bull as a sin offering (chattat).”
    

Yeshua/Jesus under the renewed covenant became a sin offering.

• 2 Corinthians 5:21 He made the One who knew no sin to become a sin offering on our behalf, so that in Him we might become the righteousness of God.
• Romans 8:3 For what was impossible for the Torah—since it was weakened on account of the flesh—God has done. Sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and as a sin offering, He condemned sin in the flesh— (TLV)
• Hebrew 10:12, 26-29 But on the other hand, when this One offered for all time a single sacrifice for sins, He sat down at the right hand of God— ... 26 For if we keep on sinning willfully after we have received the knowledge of the truth, there no longer remains a sacrifice for sins, 27 but only a terrifying expectation of judgment and a fury of fire about to devour the enemies of God. Anyone who rejected the Torah of Moses dies without compassion on the word of two or three witnesses. 29 How much more severe do you think the punishment will be for the one who has trampled Ben-Elohim underfoot, and has regarded as unholy the blood of the covenant by which he was made holy, and has insulted the Spirit of grace? (TLV)
• 1 John 2:1-2 My children, I am writing these things to you so that you will not sin. But if anyone does sin, we have an Intercessor with the Father—the righteous Messiah Yeshua. 2 He is the atonement for our sins, and not only for our sins but also for the whole world. (TLV)
• Hebrews 9:11–14 But when Messiah appeared as Kohen Gadol of the good things that have now come, passing through the greater and more perfect Tent not made with hands (that is to say not of this creation), 12 He entered into the Holies once for all—not by the blood of goats and calves but by His own blood, having obtained eternal redemption. 13 For if the blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a heifer sprinkling those who have been defiled sanctify for the cleansing of the flesh, 14 how much more will the blood of Messiah—who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without blemish to God—cleanse our conscience from dead works to serve the living God? (TLV)

Trespass / Guilt Offering - Asham (אָשָׁם)

• Offering Type: Sacrifice (expiatory)
• Offered by: Individual
• Offering for: Emphasis on restitution or resolving guilt.
  • Unintentional violations of holy/set apart things NOTE: UNINTENTIONAL
    • Examples: Leviticus 22:14, Leviticus 27:9-10, 28-29, Numbers 18:28–32, Numbers 4:18–20, Exodus 20:8–10, Exodus 31:14–15
  • Unintentional sins against specific commandments of God which are not to be done. NOTE: NOT TO DO - UNINTENTIONAL
    • Examples: Leviticus 23:29–30, Leviticus 11:43–44,
  • Intentional sins involving deceit such as theft, extortion, lying about lost property, or swearing falsely, violations of trust or property, an act that harm another person.
    • Example Leviticus 6:1-7
  • Brings context to "forgive our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us." Matt-06#v9
• Offered where: Altar in the Tabernacle courtyard
• Scripture References:
  • Leviticus 5:6 (WEB): "He shall bring his trespass offering to Yahweh for his sin which he has sinned: a female from the flock, a lamb or a goat, for a sin offering; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin."
  • Leviticus 6:1-7 (WEB): Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “If anyone sins, and commits a trespass against Yahweh, and deals falsely with his neighbor in a matter of deposit, or of bargain, or of robbery, or has oppressed his neighbor, 3 or has found that which was lost, and lied about it, and swearing to a lie—in any of these things that a man sins in his actions— 4 then it shall be, if he has sinned, and is guilty, he shall restore that which he took by robbery, or the thing which he has gotten by oppression, or the deposit which was committed to him, or the lost thing which he found, 5 or any thing about which he has sworn falsely: he shall restore it in full, and shall add a fifth part more to it. He shall return it to him to whom it belongs in the day of his being found guilty. 6 He shall bring his trespass offering to Yahweh: a ram without defect from the flock, according to your estimation, for a trespass offering, to the priest. 7 The priest shall make atonement for him before Yahweh, and he will be forgiven concerning whatever he does to become guilty.”
  • Leviticus 7:1-2 (WEB): "This is the law of the trespass offering. It is most holy. In the place where they kill the burnt offering, he shall kill the trespass offering; and its blood he shall sprinkle around on the altar."
  • Numbers 15:30–31 states, “But the person who does anything with a high hand, whether he is native or a sojourner, reviles the Lord, and that person shall be cut off from among his people. Because he has despised the word of the Lord and has broken his commandment, that person shall be utterly cut off; his iniquity shall be on him.”
• Details: The Asham addresses specific offenses, often requiring restitution (e.g., Leviticus 5:16). A ram is typically offered, and it is considered “most holy.”

• Meaning: A guilt or reparation offering, often linked to restitution for specific wrongs, such as violating sacred things or unintentional sins requiring compensation.
• Context: Used in cases requiring reparative action (e.g., Lev-05:6Lev-05#v7Lev-05#v8Lev-05#v9Lev-05#v10Lev-05#v11Lev-05#v12Lev-05#v13Lev-05#v14Lev-05#v15Lev-05#v16Lev-05#v17Lev-05#v18-19).
• Key Points:
  • Required for specific sins, like misusing holy things or wronging others, often with restitution.
  • Typically a ram or equivalent value; includes blood and burning rituals.
  • Focuses on making amends, both to God and affected parties.
  • Closely related to sin offering but emphasizes compensation.
• Example: Leviticus 5:15 – “He shall bring his guilt offering (asham) to the Lord.”

Yeshua/Jesus under the renewed covenant became a guilt offering.

• Isaiah 53:10 Yet it pleased Adonai to bruise Him. He caused Him to suffer. If He makes His soul a guilt offering, He will see His offspring, He will prolong His days, and the will of Adonai will succeed by His hand.
• 1 Peter 2:23-24 When He was abused, He did not return the abuse. While suffering, He made no threats. Instead, He kept entrusting Himself to the One who judges righteously. 24 He Himself bore our sins in His body on the tree, so that we, removed from sins, might live for righteousness. “By His wounds you were healed.” (TLV)
• 1 John 1:5-10 Now this is the message we have heard from Him and announce to you—that God is light and in Him there is no darkness at all. 6 If we say we have fellowship with Him and keep walking in the darkness, we are lying and do not practice the truth. 7 But if we walk in the light as He Himself is in the light, we have fellowship with one another and the blood of His Son Yeshua purifies us from all sin. 8 If we say we have no sin, we are deceiving ourselves and the truth is not in us. 9 If we confess our sins, He is faithful and righteous to forgive our sins and purify us from all unrighteousness. 10 If we say we have not sinned, we make Him a liar and His word is not in us. (TLV)
• Ephesians 5:1-3 Therefore be imitators of God, as dearly loved children; 2 and walk in love, just as Messiah also loved us[a] and gave Himself up for us as an offering and sacrifice to God for a fragrant aroma. 3 But sexual immorality and any impurity or greed—don’t even let these be mentioned among you, as is proper for kedoshim. (TLV)
• Hebrew 10:12, 26-29 But on the other hand, when this One offered for all time a single sacrifice for sins, He sat down at the right hand of God— ... 26 For if we keep on sinning willfully after we have received the knowledge of the truth, there no longer remains a sacrifice for sins, 27 but only a terrifying expectation of judgment and a fury of fire about to devour the enemies of God. Anyone who rejected the Torah of Moses dies without compassion on the word of two or three witnesses. 29 How much more severe do you think the punishment will be for the one who has trampled Ben-Elohim underfoot, and has regarded as unholy the blood of the covenant by which he was made holy, and has insulted the Spirit of grace? (TLV)

Wave Offering - Tenufah

• Offering Type: Sacrifice or grain offering (presented by waving)
• Offered by: Priests or individual (with priestly assistance)
• Offering for: Dedication, consecration, or part of other offerings (e.g., peace offering)
• Offered where: Before the altar in the Tabernacle
• Scripture References:
  • Leviticus 7:30 (WEB): "With his own hands he shall bring the offerings of Yahweh made by fire. He shall bring the fat with the breast, that the breast may be waved for a wave offering before Yahweh."
  • Numbers 6:20 (WEB): "The priest shall wave them for a wave offering before Yahweh. This is holy for the priest, together with the breast that is waved and the thigh that is offered. After that the Nazirite may drink wine."
• Details: The Tenufah involves waving portions (e.g., breast of peace offering, sheaves of grain) before God, often as part of other rituals (e.g., Nazirite vow).

Heave Offering - Terumah (תְּרוּמָה)

• Offering Type: Portion of sacrifice or gift

• Offered by: Priests or individual (via priests)
• Offering for: Dedication to God, often for priestly sustenance
• Offered where: Before the altar or given to priests
• Scripture References:
  • Numbers 15:19-20 (WEB): "Then it shall be that when you eat of the bread of the land, you shall offer up a wave offering to Yahweh. Of the first of your dough you shall offer up a cake for a wave offering. As you do the wave offering of the threshing floor, so you shall offer it up."
  • Numbers 18:11 (WEB): "This is yours, too: the wave offering of their gift, even all the wave offerings of the children of Israel. I have given them to you, and to your sons and to your daughters with you, as a portion forever."
• Details: The Terumah is a portion lifted up or contributed, often from peace offerings or firstfruits, designated for priests.

• Meaning: A contribution or heave offering, often a portion of produce or goods dedicated to God or priests.
• Context: Used for offerings given to sustain the priesthood (e.g., Numbers 15:19–21).
• Example: Exod-25:2 – “Take an offering (terumah) for Me.”
  • terumah
    • 2 Corinthians 9:4-6, 12-14 2 Cor-09 (Paul remained cermonially clean Acts 24:17-19)
    • Romans 11:16 Rom-11
  • maamadot
    • 1 Corinthians 16 1 Cor-16
    • Luke 8:3 Luke-08
  • pushke
    • 1 Corinthians 16 1 Cor-16
    • Romans 12:13 Rom-12
  • matanah - While both words can be translated as "gift," "matanah" has a broader, more general meaning, while "terumah" carries a more specialized and religious connotation, particularly within the context of Jewish tradition and the Torah
    • 1 Corinthians 16 1 Cor-16
    • 2 Corinthians 8 2 Cor-08

First Fruits Offering - Bikkurim

• Offering Type: Grain or produce offering
• Offered by: Individual or community
• Offering for: Thanksgiving for harvest, acknowledgment of God’s provision
• Offered where: Before the altar or at the sanctuary
• Scripture References:
  • Leviticus 23:10-11 (WEB): "Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘When you have come into the land which I give to you, and shall reap its harvest, then you shall bring the sheaf of the first fruits of your harvest to the priest. He shall wave the sheaf before Yahweh, to be accepted for you. On the next day after the Sabbath the priest shall wave it.’"
  • Deuteronomy 26:2 (WEB): "You shall take some of the first of all the fruit of the ground, which you shall bring in from your land that Yahweh your God gives you. You shall put it in a basket, and shall go to the place which Yahweh your God shall choose to cause his name to dwell there."
• Details: The Bikkurim involves presenting the first produce of the harvest, often waved before God as a sign of gratitude.

Yeshua/Jesus under the renewed covenant became a guilt offering.

1 Corinthians 15:20-24 But now Messiah has been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep. 21 For since death came through a man, the resurrection of the dead also has come through a Man. 22 For as in Adam all die, so also in Messiah will all be made alive. 23 But each in its own order: Messiah the firstfruits; then, at His coming, those who belong to Messiah; 24 then the end, when He hands over the kingdom to God the Father after He has destroyed all rule and all authority and power. (TLV)

Drink Offering - Nesek (נֶסֶךְ)

• Offering Type: Liquid offering (wine or strong drink)
• Offered by: Priests or individual (with other offerings)
• Offering for: Accompaniment to burnt or peace offerings, worship
• Offered where: Altar in the Tabernacle
• Scripture References:
  • Numbers 15:5 (WEB): "You shall prepare wine for the drink offering, a fourth of a hin, with the burnt offering or for the sacrifice, for each lamb."
  • Numbers 28:7 (WEB): "Its drink offering shall be the fourth part of a hin for each lamb. You shall pour out a drink offering of strong drink to Yahweh in the holy place."
• Details: The Nesekh is wine poured out alongside other offerings, symbolizing joy and abundance.

• Meaning: A drink or libation offering, typically wine or oil poured out as part of a ritual.
• Context: Often accompanies other sacrifices (e.g., Num-15:5).
• Example: Num-28:7 – “Its drink offering (nesek) shall be one-fourth of a hin.”

Passover Offering - Korban Pesach

• Offering Type: Sacrifice
• Offered by: Household or individual
• Offering for: Commemoration of the Exodus, atonement
• Offered where: Initially in homes (Egypt), later at the Tabernacle
• Scripture References:
  • Exodus 12:3-5 (WEB): "Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying, ‘On the tenth day of this month, they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to their fathers’ houses, a lamb for a household... Your lamb shall be without defect, a male a year old. You shall take it from the sheep or from the goats.’"
  • Deuteronomy 16:2 (WEB): "You shall sacrifice the Passover to Yahweh your God, of the flock and the herd, in the place which Yahweh shall choose to cause his name to dwell there."
• Details: The Korban Pesach is a lamb or goat sacrificed to commemorate the Exodus, eaten with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.

Yeshua/Jesus under the renewed covenant became the Passover offering.

• 1 Corinthians 5:7 Get rid of the old hametz, so you may be a new batch, just as you are unleavened—for Messiah, our Passover Lamb, has been sacrificed. (TLV)
• John 1:29 The next day, John sees Yeshua coming to him and says, “Behold, the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world! (TLV)

Red Heifer Offering - Parah Adumah

• Offering Type: Sacrifice (purification)
• Offered by: Priests
• Offering for: Purification from corpse impurity
• Offered where: Outside the camp
• Scripture References:
  • Numbers 19:2-3 (WEB): "This is the statute of the law which Yahweh has commanded. Tell the children of Israel to bring you a red heifer without spot, in which is no defect, and which was never yoked. You shall give her to Eleazar the priest, and he shall bring her outside of the camp, and one shall kill her before his face."
  • Details: The Parah Adumah is burned outside the camp, and its ashes are used for ritual purification.

Sins Requiring Death - No Offering

Murder:

• Genesis 9:6: “Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed, for God made man in his own image.”
• Exodus 21:12: “Whoever strikes a man so that he dies shall be put to death.”
• Leviticus 24:17: “Whoever takes a human life shall surely be put to death.”

Adultery:

• Leviticus 20:10: “If a man commits adultery with the wife of his neighbor, both the adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death.”
• Deuteronomy 22:22: “If a man is found lying with the wife of another man, both of them shall die, the man who lay with the woman, and the woman.”

Homosexuality:

• Leviticus 20:13: “If a man lies with a male as with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination; they shall surely be put to death; their blood is upon them.”

Bestiality:

• Exodus 22:19: “Whoever lies with an animal shall be put to death.”
• Leviticus 20:15–16: “If a man lies with an animal, he shall surely be put to death, and you shall kill the animal. If a woman approaches any animal and lies with it, you shall kill the woman and the animal.”

Incest and Other Sexual Sins:

• Leviticus 20:11–12, 14: These verses prescribe death for various forms of incest, such as a man lying with his father’s wife or daughter-in-law, or a man marrying both a woman and her mother.

Idolatry and False Worship:

• Exodus 22:20: “Whoever sacrifices to any god, other than the Lord alone, shall be devoted to destruction.”
• Deuteronomy 17:2–5: If someone is found worshiping other gods or celestial bodies, “you shall bring that man or woman… and you shall stone that man or woman to death.”

Blasphemy:

• Leviticus 24:16: “Whoever blasphemes the name of the Lord shall surely be put to death. All the congregation shall stone him.”

Sabbath Violation:

• Exodus 31:14: “You shall keep the Sabbath, because it is holy for you. Everyone who profanes it shall be put to death.”
• Numbers 15:32–36: A man caught gathering sticks on the Sabbath was stoned to death at God’s command.

Witchcraft and Sorcery:

• Exodus 22:18: “You shall not permit a sorceress to live.”
• Leviticus 20:27: “A man or a woman who is a medium or a necromancer shall surely be put to death.”

False Prophecy:
- Deuteronomy 13:1–5: A prophet or dreamer who leads others to worship false gods “shall be put to death, because he has taught rebellion against the Lord your God.”

Kidnapping:
- Exodus 21:16: “Whoever steals a man and sells him, and anyone found in possession of him, shall be put to death.”
- Deuteronomy 24:7: Similar provisions for kidnapping an Israelite.

Striking or Cursing Parents:
- Exodus 21:15: “Whoever strikes his father or his mother shall be put to death.”
- Exodus 21:17: “Whoever curses his father or his mother shall be put to death.”
- Leviticus 20:9: “If a man curses his father or his mother, he shall surely be put to death.”

Rebellious Son:
- Deuteronomy 21:18–21: A persistently rebellious son who disobeys and dishonors his parents is to be stoned to death by the community.

False Witness in Capital Cases:
- Deuteronomy 19:16–19: A false witness in a case involving a death penalty is to receive the punishment intended for the accused, implying death if the false testimony was meant to cause it.

Jesus Conquered Death

• 1 Corinthians 15:54–57: “When the perishable puts on the imperishable, and the mortal puts on immortality, then shall come to pass the saying that is written: ‘Death is swallowed up in victory.’ ‘O death, where is your victory? O death, where is your sting?’ The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law. But thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.”
• Hebrews 2:14–15: “Since therefore the children share in flesh and blood, he himself likewise partook of the same things, that through death he might destroy the one who has the power of death, that is, the devil, and deliver all those who through fear of death were subject to lifelong slavery.”
• Romans 6:9–10: “We know that Christ, being raised from the dead, will never die again; death no longer has dominion over him. For the death he died he died to sin, once for all, but the life he lives he lives to God.”
• John 11:25–26: “Jesus said to her, ‘I am the resurrection and the life. Whoever believes in me, though he die, yet shall he live, and everyone who lives and believes in me shall never die. Do you believe this?’”
• Revelation 1:17–18: “When I saw him, I fell at his feet as though dead. But he laid his right hand on me, saying, ‘Fear not, I am the first and the last, and the living one. I died, and behold I am alive forevermore, and I have the keys of Death and Hades.’”
• Acts 2:24: “God raised him up, loosing the pangs of death, because it was not possible for him to be held by it.”
• 2 Timothy 1:10: “And which now has been manifested through the appearing of our Savior Christ Jesus, who abolished death and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel.”