The common belief is the Seventh Day Rest (later known as Sabbath, or Shabbat) is not for a Christian, it is a "Jewish thing". And the Seventh Day Rest no longer needs to be observed because Jesus is a Christians Rest/Sabbath now.

Let's see what scripture says about that starting at the very beginning and then working from Genesis to Revelation.

Scripture: Isaiah 66:21-24 Isa-66#v23

"For as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, shall remain before me," says Yahweh, "so your offspring and your name shall remain.

It shall happen that from one new moon to another, and from one Sabbath to another, all flesh will come to worship before me," says Yahweh.

"They will go out, and look at the dead bodies of the men who have transgressed against me; for their worm will not die, nor will their fire be quenched, and they will be loathsome to all mankind."

Define:

• New - chadashim (חָדָשִׁים), adj., plural): renew, anew, afresh, etc. Knowing which is intended is determined by context.
  • The core, primitive meaning of the root H-D-Sh is to renew, repair, or restore something to its former, intended condition or vigor.
• New Heavens and a New Earth = renewed cosmos free from curse and decay Rev-21 & Rev-22
• Offspring/Seed = often used covenantally for the continuing line
• Name = reputation, identity, renown;
  • enduring “name” means Israel will never lose her covenant identity or be blotted out.
• New Moon - Specific Burnt Offerings were to be made at the beginning of each month. Num-28#v11-15
• Sabbath = Weekly Sabbath - Seventh Day Rest.
• Transgression - willful breaking of covenant, not keeping YHWH's ways.
• Idioms:
  • worm shall not die: unending, conscious torment and corruption in judgment
  • fire not quenched: irreversible, unending punishment, frequently used in Scripture for final judgment
  • loathsome to all: the objects of ultimate horror, loathing, and disgust to all the redeemed

Who:

• Your - House of Judah, Israelites, Israel Jer-31 Jer-32
  • In verses 18-21 YHWH describes gathering all nations and tongues to see his glory and make them priests and for Levites
  • the principle of enduring “seed” applies also to the believing remnant and to all who are incorporated into the promises through the Messiah Gal-03#v28-29 and Rom-09, Rom-10, and Rom-11
• All Flesh - All mankind except those who have transgressed against YHWH
• Men who transgressed against YHWH

What:

• New heaven and new earth will remain before YHWH
  • So will the offspring and the reputation or identity of Israel
• All Flesh will come to worship YHWH
  • on each new moon
  • on each Sabbath
• All flesh will go out from worship YHWH
  • and look on the dead bodies of those who have transgressed YHWH
• Mankind who transgresses against YHWH will
  • have a worm that will not die
  • fire that will not be quench
  • be loathsome to all who have not transgressed YHWH

When:

• AFTER the new heavens and new earth exist Matt-05#v18
• On New Moons and SabbathS

Why:

• For ... Redeemed: because the new heaven and new earth are indestructible and eternal the promises in Isa-66#v18-21 (enduring seed, gentile priests, universal worship) will endure forever.
• For ... Transgressors: because of transgression against YWHW, the worm will never die, the fire never be quenched, and they will be forever loathsome.

Findings

The Sabbath is not for a "Christian":

• Christians do not exist yet at the time of Isaiah writing.
• However, at the time of Fulfillment of this prophecy:
  • Isaiah 66:18–21 explicitly says that from “all nations and tongues” some will be brought as an offering to the Lord and even taken as “priests and Levites”.
  • “All flesh” (Jew and Gentile alike) comes to worship (66:23)
  • Not every physical descendant, but those who are circumcised in heart, who tremble at God’s word (Isa 66:2, 5), and who have been cleansed and given a new heart (Isa-66#v17–18; Ezek-36#v24–28; Rom-11#v26.
  • Every believer (Jew or Gentile) is incorporated into the true Israel through faith in the Messiah (Gal-03#v28–29; Rom-02#v28–29; Ephes-02#v11–22; 1 Pet-02#v9–10).

It is a Jewish thing:

• YWHW makes it very clear in Isaiah 66 this is NOT a "Jewish" thing and that ALL flesh will worship him on the New Moons and the Seventh Day Rest-Weekly Sabbath.
• At the time of Isaiah's writing:
  • House of Judah
    • The tribe of Judah (dominant)
    • The tribe of Benjamin (absorbed into Judah after 722 BC)
    • Remnants of Levi (priests and Levites who fled north or stayed in Jerusalem)
    • Some survivors from other tribes who defected south after Israel’s fall (2 Chr 11:13–17; 15:9).
    • The Multitude (non-native Israelites - 2 Kings 25) who chose to follow YHWH.
  • Residence of Jerusalem
• The "Jews" (followers of Judaism) referred to in the New Testament do not exist yet.

Jesus replaced the Sabbath:

• Not yet.
• Because this is prophecy to be fulfilled later and because it explicitly indicates it is at the time of the New Heaven and New Earth - When would Jesus replace the Sabbath? YHWH specifically states here: It shall happen that from one new moon to another, and from one Sabbath to another, all flesh will come to worship before me," says Yahweh.

Other Notes:

• Given outside the Ten Words aka Ten Commandments

Connections

_Seventh Day Rest Scripture Survey